Medicine Retatrutide

Specimen record — bibliography

Retatrutide References

All primary sources cited across this site — Phase 1/2/3 trial data, structural pharmacology, reviews, and pipeline literature.

Research

Primary trial publications

Citations are numbered as they appear across the site. DOI and PubMed links are provided for every entry where available. Retatrutide references indexed below.

[1] Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514–526. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/

[2] Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529–544. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385280/

[3] Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, et al. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77. DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00700-0. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255275/

[4] Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, et al. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869–1881. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02033-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354040/

[5] Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037–2048. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11271400/

[6] Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, et al. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. DOI: 10.3390/biom15060796. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12190491/

[7] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of LY3437943 in Healthy Participants. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04143802. 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04143802

Reviews and supporting literature

[8] Drucker DJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(11):1873–1888. DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0003. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci24-0003

[9] Urva S, et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist retatrutide delays gastric emptying. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2023;25(9):2784–2788. DOI: 10.1111/dom.15167. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15167

[10] Bailey CJ, et al. Multifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidities. Peptides. 2025;187:171380. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171380

[11] Kokkorakis M, et al. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review. Pharmacological Reviews. 2025;77(1):100002. DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045. https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045

[12] Madsbad S, et al. The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2025. DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408

[13] Laroche ML, et al. Dysesthesia associated with GLP-1 agonist therapies: data-mining analysis and literature review. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-026-04079-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-026-04079-7

[14] Body-composition substudy (Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2025): retatrutide in type 2 diabetes — lean and fat mass outcomes. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(25)00092-0/abstract

[15] Panou T, et al. Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415

  1. Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514–526. ↗
  2. Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529–544. ↗
  3. Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, et al. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77. ↗
  4. Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, et al. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869–1881. ↗
  5. Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037–2048. ↗
  6. Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, et al. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. ↗
  7. Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of LY3437943 in Healthy Participants. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04143802. 2019. ↗
  8. Drucker DJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(11):1873–1888. ↗
  9. Urva S, et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist retatrutide delays gastric emptying. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2023;25(9):2784–2788. ↗
  10. Bailey CJ, et al. Multifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidities. Peptides. 2025;187:171380. ↗
  11. Kokkorakis M, et al. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review. Pharmacological Reviews. 2025;77(1):100002. ↗
  12. Madsbad S, et al. The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2025. ↗
  13. Laroche ML, et al. Dysesthesia associated with GLP-1 agonist therapies: data-mining analysis and literature review. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. ↗
  14. Body-composition substudy — retatrutide in type 2 diabetes: lean and fat mass outcomes. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2025. ↗
  15. Panou T, et al. Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. ↗