# Retatrutide References and Citations — Medicine Retatrutide

> Full reference list for retatrutide research cited on this site — Phase 1, 2, and 3 trial publications, structural pharmacology, systematic reviews, and pipeline analyses.

All primary sources cited across this site — Phase 1/2/3 trial data, structural pharmacology, reviews, and pipeline literature.

## Primary trial publications

Citations are numbered as they appear across the site. DOI and PubMed links are provided for every entry where available. [Retatrutide references](/references) indexed below.

[1] Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. *N Engl J Med.* 2023;389(6):514–526. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/

[2] Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. *Lancet.* 2023;402(10401):529–544. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385280/

[3] Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, et al. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. *Cell Discovery.* 2024;10:77. DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00700-0. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255275/

[4] Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, et al. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. *Lancet.* 2022;400:1869–1881. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02033-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354040/

[5] Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. *Nature Medicine.* 2024;30:2037–2048. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11271400/

[6] Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, et al. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. *Biomolecules.* 2025;15:796. DOI: 10.3390/biom15060796. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12190491/

[7] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of LY3437943 in Healthy Participants. *ClinicalTrials.gov.* NCT04143802. 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04143802

## Reviews and supporting literature

[8] Drucker DJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. *Diabetes Care.* 2024;47(11):1873–1888. DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0003. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci24-0003

[9] Urva S, et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist retatrutide delays gastric emptying. *Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism.* 2023;25(9):2784–2788. DOI: 10.1111/dom.15167. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15167

[10] Bailey CJ, et al. Multifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidities. *Peptides.* 2025;187:171380. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171380

[11] Kokkorakis M, et al. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review. *Pharmacological Reviews.* 2025;77(1):100002. DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045. https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045

[12] Madsbad S, et al. The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines. *Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.* 2025. DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408

[13] Laroche ML, et al. Dysesthesia associated with GLP-1 agonist therapies: data-mining analysis and literature review. *European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.* 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-026-04079-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-026-04079-7

[14] Body-composition substudy (Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2025): retatrutide in type 2 diabetes — lean and fat mass outcomes. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(25)00092-0/abstract

[15] Panou T, et al. Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview. *Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.* 2026. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415

## References

[1] Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514–526. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/
[2] Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529–544. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385280/
[3] Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, et al. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255275/
[4] Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, et al. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869–1881. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354040/
[5] Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037–2048. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11271400/
[6] Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, et al. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12190491/
[7] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of LY3437943 in Healthy Participants. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04143802. 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04143802
[8] Drucker DJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(11):1873–1888. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci24-0003
[9] Urva S, et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist retatrutide delays gastric emptying. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2023;25(9):2784–2788. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15167
[10] Bailey CJ, et al. Multifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidities. Peptides. 2025;187:171380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171380
[11] Kokkorakis M, et al. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review. Pharmacological Reviews. 2025;77(1):100002. https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045
[12] Madsbad S, et al. The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408
[13] Laroche ML, et al. Dysesthesia associated with GLP-1 agonist therapies: data-mining analysis and literature review. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-026-04079-7
[14] Body-composition substudy — retatrutide in type 2 diabetes: lean and fat mass outcomes. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2025. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(25)00092-0/abstract
[15] Panou T, et al. Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415

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An apothecary's specimen record of the retatrutide pharmacokinetics literature — trial findings documented to source, no dispensary behind the cabinet, no prescription filled here.